Copyright ⓒ by Michael Nicolaou. This work is registered with the United States copyright office. All rights reserved. No part of this writing may be reproduced by any manor whatsoever without written permission from Michael Nicolaou, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in articles and reviews.

Nearly every ancient society viewed time cyclically. Cyclical time is the concept of time as a recurring, repetitive, cycle rather than a linear progression, or a chaotic, random sequence of events. The western world currently views time as a linear progression. Whereas eastern philosophies and ancient cultures, perceive time as a series of cycles or patterns that repeat.

Ancient societies were so adamant about the belief of cyclical time that they immortalized it in practically any way they could. Buddhists created the mandala (the wheel of law or life). The ancient Chinese created the yin-yang. Ancient Babylon and Egypt gave birth to the zodiacal great year, which inspired the wheels of time and fortune. Mayan calendars are circular. Natives Americans referred to the year as a sacred hoop. I think my favorite one of all is the epigram inscribed on the temple to Athena in Athens, which states, “All human things are a circle.” It doesn’t get much clearer than that.

It has only been a recent advent in the past 300 or so years, that this cyclical way of viewing the world has been overshadowed by a linear view of time. That is, as time progresses, things naturally improve. One event succeeds the other. There’s a beginning and an end. There is no rhyme or reason between dissociated events in history. Even as I write this it sounds a bit ridiculous. You might think, of course there must be some type of connection or pattern between events in history?

Fortunately, we don't need to relay on our intuition. Historians, in recent times, have noticed a pattern among events and themes throughout history. Times of peace and war oscillate between each other every 50 or so years with alarmingly accurate rhythm. What many historians eluded to, and what has recently been revived by Neil Howe and William Strauss in the book "The Fourth Turning" is that there’s a natural cycle, based on roughly the length of a long human life (80-100 years) known as the Saeculum.

The Saeculum consists of 4 seasons, or turnings, akin to the seasons of the solar cycle - Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter. As the seasons change (every 20 to 25 or so years), the dominant mood changes, and people change how they feel about themselves, the culture, the nation, and the future. Furthermore, the Saeculum and its quaternary structure are rooted in what are termed the Archetypal Elements. The archetypal elements are fundamental symbols or themes that recur across cultures, myths, and stories, embodying universal aspects of human experience and the natural world. Each season of the Saeculum corresponds to an element, and its corresponding element gives insight into what you can expect to experience within that season symbolically.

What I've uncovered through my writing is that the signs of the Zodiac are fundamentally derived from the archetypal elements just like the seasons of the Saeculum. As a result, the signs of the Zodiac can be superimposed onto the Saeculum, offering a fresh perspective on the Saeculums cycling themes and events. This approach provides a richer understanding of the Saeculums cycling narrative, and offers much more insight than if we only focused on the four seasons alone!

The subsequent sections will delve into greater depth on all the aforementioned points, but the primary focus is on establishing this novel connection between the Saeculum and the Zodiac. As you'll see, it adds an incredible amount of color to the Saeculum, and gives us a much more powerful tool for making sense of the present and predicting the future!

The Saeculum

The Saeculum is an ancient method of prophecy with roots tracing back to at least 900 BC, during the time of the Etruscans. The Etruscans inhabited the ancient society of Etruria, situated in what is now modern-day Italy. There is not much known about the Etruscans beyond rumors and clues from buried artifacts. However, from what has been preserved, historians believe that the Etruscans were a very fatalistic people, operating under the pretenses that their destiny was unalterable.[1]

The Etruscans were well aware of the annual cycle of the sun and the seasons. During their time, they believed that their history was progressing through a similar cyclical pattern with periods of - growth, maturation, decay, and death. Through their close examination of the seasonality of life, they discovered a natural cycle aligning with the span of a long human life, roughly 80 to 100 years. The Etruscan name for this cycle is unknown, but was later termed the Saeculum by the ancient Romans, denoting "a long human life" and "a natural century." [1]

According to legend, an old Sybil prophesized that their civilization would last for ten-saecula, at which point their society was doomed. Roughly ten-saecula later, the last remains of their society were buried under the advance of the Roman empire. [1]

When Romulus founded Rome in 509 B.C., he supposedly saw a flock of 12 vultures. He took it as a sign that Rome would last 12 units of time. The early Romans, unsure what this unit of time was referring to, turned to the teachings of the Etruscans. They concluded that the vulture omen must refer to 12 saecula. [1]

The Romans were obsessed with Saeculum integrating it's cyclic rhythm into their societal fabric. They established the Saecular games, the ludi saeculares, were held once per century. It was a three-day, three-night event akin to the modern Olympic Games fused with an American Fourth of July. Additionally, Roman historians utilized the Saeculum to periodize significant historical events. [1]

However, the rhythmic history of Rome reached its conclusion when the city fell to the Visigothic chieftain Alaric in A.D. 410. This event occurred exactly thirty-seven years before the twelve-hundredth anniversary of its founding, aligning precisely with the twelve vultures omen witnessed during Rome's inception. Each vulture seen by Romulus coincided with approximately ninety-seven years per Saecula. [1]

After Rome fell, the idea of the Saeculum laid dormant in the western world for nearly a millennium. However, many historians over recent times noted a striking pattern throughout history: societies cycle through between times of peace and war, spanning about the length of a long human life. It wasn't until recently that Neil Howe and William Strauss, authors of “The Fourth Turning,” rediscovered that this cycle was the long lost Saeculum of the Romans.

In the book "The Fourth Turning," Neil Howe and Wiiliam Strauss break the Saeculum down into four unique seasons, known as turnings. Since the length of the Saeculum is roughly 80-100 years, each turning lasts roughly two decades or so. At the start of each turning, the atmosphere sharply alters, and people change how they feel about themselves, the culture, the nation, and the future.

1. First turning (Spring) is a high, an up beat era of strengthening institutions and weakening individualism, when a new civic order implants and an old values regime decays.
2. Second turning (Summer) is an awakening, a passionate era of spiritual upheaval, when the civic order comes under attack from a new values regime.
3. Third turning (Fall) is an unraveling, a downcast era of strengthening individualism and weakening institutions, when the old civic order decays and the new values regime implants.
4. Fourth Turning (Winter) is a crisis, a decisive era of secular upheaval, when the values regime propels the replacement of the old civic order with a new one.

A new cycle does not emerge gradually from the last, but only after the cycle experiences a sharp break. The Hellenics called this discontinuity the Ekpyrosis, "when all things, even human souls, are destroyed in fire. Thus cleansed, nature and history can begin again."[1] This has traditionally manifested as a cycle-ending war with decisive social and political consequences. However, it's bloodshed and tumultuousity does not automatically qualify it as a cycle ending war. It must end an era, replacing the old order with something fundamentally new.

Furthermore, the generations who live through these different periods at different stages of their life are defined by them, shaping their ideals, goals, and aspirations. This creates four distinct generational archetypes:

1. A Prophet Generation (born during a high) grows up as increasingly indulged post-crisis children, comes of age as the narcissistic young crusaders of an Awakening, cultivates principle as moralistic midlifers, and emerges as wise elders guiding the next Crisis.
2. A Nomad Generation (born during an awakening) grows up as underprotected children during an awakening, comes of age as the alienated young adults of a post-awakening world, mellows into pragmatic midlife leaders during a Crisis, and ages into tough post-Crisis elders.
3. A Hero Generation (born during an unraveling) grows up as increasingly protected post-Awakening children, comes of age as the heroic young teamworkers of a Crisis, demonstrates hubris as energetic midlifers, and emerges as powerful elders attacked by the next awakening.
4. An Artist Generation (born during a crisis) grows up as overprotected children during a crisis, comes of age as the sensitive young adults of a post-Crisis world, breaks free as indecisive midlife leaders during an Awakening, and ages into empathic post-awakening elders.

This commences a perpetual cycle where the generation is defined by the period, and the period is created by the generation. Essentially, generations born in war yearn for peace, and those born in peace, yearn to champion what they love, leading to conflict. This cycle repeats throughout the lifespan of the society, since the natural life span is a cycle that mankind can neither avoid nor alter (unless we somehow democratize the cure for death, but based on the current state of the longevity sector, I think we can take solace in that won't happen anytime soon). Hence, the Saeculum is an incredibly powerful and reliable tool which provides an immense amount of insight into the ebb and flow of human behavior.

The Four Archetypes

The Saeculum and its quarternary structure is based on a concept known as the archetypal elements. There are four archetypal elements - Water, Fire, Air, and Earth, which serve as abstract descriptors for everything in the universe, and which cycle ceaselessly between each other in a dynamic interplay of opposites.

• Water: Water is often associated with emotions, the subconscious mind, and the fluidity of life. It represents the depths of the unconscious.
• Fire: Fire symbolizes passion, inspiration, and the spark of life. It represents energy, vitality, and the drive for creativity and change.
• Earth: Earth is associated with stability, grounding, material reality, and the physical body. It represents the practical aspects of life, such as security, abundance, and connection to the natural world.
• Air: Air symbolizes intellect, communication, thought, and mental clarity. It represents the realm of ideas, logic, and communication, as well as the ability to adapt and respond to change.

The most readily understandable example of the archetypal elements in action is observing them in relation to the seasons of the solar cycle: Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter. Each season corresponds to an element - Water, Fire, Air, and Earth, and embodies an essential quality - wet, hot, dry, or cold, respectively. For instance, during Summer, the dominant quality is "hot," while the opposing quality of "cold" from Winter is suppressed. Moreover, it's essential to understand that every season is a combination of all four elements in varying quantities depending on where it is located within the cycle. While Summer's dominate quality is "hot," it also comprises secondary qualities of "wet" and "dry," and to a lesser extent "cold." This example can be generalized to explain many different aspects of our world.

The archetypal elements are deeply rooted in human history and culture, dating back thousands of years to ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and beyond. From what has been preserved through time, we know that in the sixth century b.c., Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher wrote a single work. The central idea of his philosophy was on the unity of opposites and the concept of change. He viewed the world as constantly in flux, "becoming" but never "being." He expressed this in sayings like "Everything flows" and "No man ever steps in the same river twice." [3]

This dualistic theory pervaded ancient Greece. Hellenic philosophers tried to explain all worldly phenomena within the scope of this theory. Eventually it gave rise to the concept of the four archetypal elements: Water, Fire, Air, and Earth. Everything could be explained through some combination of the four elements, and all change was expressible as a dynamic equilibrium between each element and its opposite.

Eventually, these four archetypal elements evolved into a theory to describe the human personality and physiology. The Greeks believed an individuals personality was some combination of the four archetypal elements. The legendary physician Hippocrates identified four bodily liquids, or “humors” (blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm), which supposedly produce four “temperaments” - melancholicus, phlegmaticus, sanguineus, and cholericus. [1]

The archetypal elements dominated the western hemisphere for the next two millennia, until the emergence of The Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that swept through Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. Its central premise was based on Positivism, a philosophical school of thought which viewed the world strictly based on logic and sensory experience, while sidelining other modes of perception such as emotion and intuition. Which was, ironically, the central idea of the archetypal elements, that the world is constantly in flux and oscillating between opposites.

However, the four temperaments regained validity in the 20th century, as a new generation of European psychologists revolted against positivism, who noted the quaternary structure littered throughout various aspects of our world. E. Adickes wrote of four worldviews (traditional, agnostic, dogmatic, innovative); Eduard Spranger of life types (theoretical, aesthetic, religious, economic); Ernst Kretschmer of abnormal temperaments (anesthetic, hyperesthetic, melancholic, hypomanic); [1]

Most notably, in the 21st century, Swiss psychologist Carl Jung abstracted the human psyche into a combination of four psychological functions (sensation, feeling, intuition, reason). In his theory, every personality was some combination of these four functions, where if one function dominated the psyche, its opposing force would necessarily become suppressed, echoing precisely the same beliefs as the ancient Greeks. This realization brings us full circle, inadvertently demonstrating that the world is in a constant state of flux, oscillating between opposites, between the inner world and the outer world, on many different scales of time simultaneously.

The Saeculum Meets the Zodiac

Now it's time to connect the dots. To clarify, once again, the Saeculum is a natural cycle rooted in the human lifespan and fundamentally based on the concept of the archetypal elements. Each season of the Saeculum corresponds to an element, and the elements cycle ceaselessly between each other in a dynamic interplay of opposites.

For instance, the season of spring corresponds to the archetypal element of water. However, while each turning corresponds to a specific element, at any moment, all four elements are exerting an influence, to greater and lesser degrees. While the aspects of water are dominant, the aspects of Fire are waxing, the aspects of Earth are waning, and the aspects of Air are necessarily repressed.

Intriguingly, the zodiac is based on the same fundamental principles of the archetypal elements. Each sign of the Zodiac has an associated element, and the triplicities of the zodiac are a direct result of each of the archetypal elements being split into 3 even parts.

The archetypal order of the signs can be inferred from the signs associations and symbolic representations. For example, Sagittarius, a fire sign, is renowned for its philosophical and intellectual nature. Additionally, it is symbolized by a centaur - a figure that is part human and part horse. In the zodiac, human figures are typically associated with the element of air, representing attributes such as intellect, communication, and social interaction. Therefore, it can be reasonably concluded that Sagittarius is the fire sign aligned on the cusp of the element of air.

Furthermore, each sign of the zodiac works just like the waxing and waning of the seasons of the Saeculum. In each sign, all 4 archetypal elements are simultaneously exerting an influence to greater and lesser degrees. Among the triplicities of the Zodiac, one sign serves as the strongest representation of its associated element, with equal parts of its secondary/tertiary elements, while the other two signs of the same dominant element, have secondary elements respectively more weighed towards the elements they are adjacent to.

In this example, Gemini, positioned at the center of archetypal air, serves as the epitome of the air element. However, there is still some degree of archetypal water in its composition, which is necessarily repressed. Furthermore, being directly centered in between the elements of fire and earth, it has equal parts archetypal fire and earth.

On the other hand, Aquarius, adjacent to archetypal fire, has a stronger influence of archetypal fire in its composition, explaining why Aquarius have a more powerful intuition. While Libra, adjacent to archetypal earth, have a stronger influence of archetypal earth, explaining why Libras are more grounded and practical.

The 12 signs of the Zodiac collectively represent the entire range of the archetypal elements, and the cycling between them. Therefore, when the signs of the zodiac are arranged in archetypal order, they can be superimposed on top of the Saeculum! The best part is that, due to the principle of correspondence, the patterns, structures, and principles observed in one scale (microcosm, representing the individual) are analogous or mirrored in another scale (macrocosm, symbolizing the universe, or the Saeculum!) Therefore, the vast body of knowledge pertaining to the various signs of the Zodiac can be translated to the scale of the Saeculum to reveal a tremendous amount of insight into its various events and themes!

The first set of qualities attributed to the signs are known as modalities. There are three modalities: cardinal, fixed, and mutable. These modalities describe how the signs initiate, stabilize, and adapt to change within the archetypal wheel. Here's a brief overview of each:

• Cardinal Signs: The cardinal signs are Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn. Cardinal signs represent initiation, leadership, and a focus on new beginnings. They are known for their assertiveness, ambition, and ability to take charge.
• Fixed Signs: The fixed signs are Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, and Aquarius. Fixed signs represent stability, determination, and a focus on maintaining the status quo. Fixed signs are known for their persistence, loyalty, and resistance to change. They are often associated with reliability, consistency, and a strong sense of purpose. Fixed signs are less inclined to initiate change but excel in persevering through challenges and seeing things through to completion.
• Mutable Signs: The mutable signs are Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, and Pisces. Mutable signs represent adaptability, flexibility, and a focus on transition and change. Mutable signs are known for their versatility, resourcefulness, and ability to go with the flow. They are often associated with open-mindedness, and a willingness to embrace new ideas or experiences. Mutable signs excel in navigating transitions, adjusting to changing circumstances, and finding creative solutions to problems.

As you can see, the modalities immediately provide much more insight into the Saeculums cycling events and themes. We rotate between times of initiation and action in the Cardinal signs, time of determination and focus in the Fixed signs, and times of versatility and flexibility in the Mutable signs. These mesh with the archetypal elemental combinations of the signs to create distinct moods and atmospheres.

Additionally, the principle of correspondence not only allows us to take from the collective body of knowledge pertaining to the signs of the zodiac and apply it to the Saeculum, but also, to add on to it! As the themes observed on the scale of the Saeculum, are also reflected on other scales, such as in the individual. One of the patterns I observed among the Saeculum while putting this writing together, is that the signs alternate between Benefic and Malefic influences.

Benefic and Malefic influences are often mistakenly viewed as strictly positive or negative, beneficial or challenging. While this perspective isn't entirely inaccurate, a more nuanced understanding distinguishes between the two. Benefic periods are often characterized by expansion, buildup, or indulgence, whereas malefic periods are associated with contraction, breakdown, or restraint.

It's important to clarify that neither of these influences are inherently good or bad. Benefic and Malefic influences are simply components in the signs total composition. Benefic periods can be times of great hardship, while Malefic periods can be times of comfort and enjoyment. It comes down to the total composition of the signs, which together create a unique atmosphere and mood. Ultimately, every sign has its pros and cons, which keep the archetypal wheel fundamentally in balance.

Finally, when we put it all together, we get 12 signs, each of which has a different Archetypal Elemental composition, a Modality, and an influence that is either Benefic or Malefic.

Assuming, a Saeculum length of ~80-100 years, we enter a new sign every ~8 years, where the energy evidently shifts. As we traverse through the Saeculum, each sign will have its own characteristic events and themes based on its composition: in Cancer the foundation of our society is (re)built. Once we have solid footing beneath our feet, in Scorpio we begin to peer into our collective shadows. After peering into the depths of our inner worlds, eventually a yearning for spiritual renewal emerges in the sign of Pisces. As you'll see in more detail, each sign of the zodiac plays one after the other to create one cohesive story.

Proceeding from here, I will be using the events and dates determined for the various American Saecula and their seasons by Neil Howe and William Strauss in "The Fourth Turning." The American Saeculum is used because it provides one of the best examples of regularity among societies Saeculums. America is a world power in a globalized world, largely isolated, surrounded by two large oceans and two friendly neighbors, and has a tendency for viewing time linearly, which only makes the cyclicality of events more likely to occur with natural rhythm.

The Anglo-American Saeculum dates back to the waning of the Middle Ages in the middle of the fifteenth century. There have been seven saecula:

The Story Through the Signs

Cancer ♋︎︎

Water heals. It nourishes the roots. It replenishes the soul.

The sign of cancer is symbolized by the crab. Crabs are adaptive sea creatures, known for their ability to navigate both the land and the sea. Much like crabs, Cancer exhibit a dual nature, blending archetypal water (emotions) and earth (senses). This makes them tough with hard outer shells, which serve as a protective barrier for their sensitive internal nature. They prioritize emotional security and stability.

Furthermore, Cancers embody the archetypal feminine energy because archetypal water and earth are both feminine or yin elements. Feminine energy is receptive and passive, and linked to the body. Consequently, Cancer is closely tied to themes of home and family life, finding solace and security within their domestic environments. However, this inclination may, at times, result in retreating into their shells, rather than confronting issues directly.

Additionally, Cancers are compassionate, empathetic, and nurturing. They are known for their maternal instincts. They are natural caregivers and derive fulfillment from nurturing and supporting others. They are also fiercely protective of their loved ones and will go to great lengths to ensure their safety and well-being. They may even be overprotective, stifling the independence of those they care about.

Finally, Cancers are highly emotional and sensitive beings. This sensitivity enables them to regenerate and transform, much like crabs molt, shedding their exoskeletons to make room for new growth. Additionally, their sensitivity makes them highly creative. They possess a rich inner world of imagination. However, they also have a tendency to be overly sensitive to criticism or perceived slights, leading to mood swings and emotional fluctuations.

Cancer has rulership over the 4th house in astrology which signifies the home, family, the mother, foundation and stability, real estate and property.

Cancer marks the inaugural phase of our journey, as it follows the Saeculums' Ekpyrosis, which signifies the transition from one Saeculum to another. The Ekpyrosis is often tumultuous, and occurs in the sign of Capricorn. While Capricorn is certainly malefic, it's a period of necessary destruction and dismantling of outdated societal structures, so that new beginnings can take shape under the auspices of Cancer.

Since Cancer embodies one of the purest expressions of the feminine or yin energy, it can be likened to the archetype of the mother - the primordial womb from which society's foundations are nurtured. For this reason, it's not by mere coincidence that we term our planet as Mother Earth or our nations as the motherland. In the sign of Cancer, we witness the construction, or reconstruction, of societal structures, an expansion in developments, and a revitalization of our societal fabric.

In the first turning of the Millennial Saeculum (1946-1964), we witness an era of reconstruction following World War II, marked by initiatives such as the Marshall Plan aimed at rebuilding war-torn Europe. While at home, the GI Bill offered benefits to veterans, including education and housing opportunities, fueling economic growth and the expansion of the middle class. Additionally, President Dwight Eisenhower funded major infrastructure projects, including the development of the interstate highway system. The expansion of the highways, as well as affordable housing loans, led to the rise of suburban communities and suburban lifestyle, characterized by single-family homes, car culture, and the expansion of shopping malls and leisure activities.

Simultaneously, this led to an economic boom where the U.S. experienced a period of economic prosperity, with rising wages, increased consumer spending, and the growth of industries such as manufacturing, automotive, and aerospace. Additionally, this newfound economic prosperity and domestic stability led to the "Baby Boom" phenomenon in the 1950s, where there was a significant increase in the birth rate.

During this period, we also witness the beginnings of the civil rights movement. However, the movement wouldn't gain significant momentum until later on, roughly in Scorpio, during the 1950s and 1960s, marked by landmark events such as the Brown v. Board of Education ruling (1954), the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956), and the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963).

In the first turning of the Great Power Saeculum (1865-1886), we witness a similar period of reconstruction, urbanization, and social reformation. Following the Civil War, a period of reconstruction aimed to rebuild the Southern states and integrate newly freed African Americans into society. The period saw the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution, abolishing slavery, granting equal protection under the law, and securing voting rights for African American men.

Furthermore, The post-Civil War years witnessed rapid industrialization and urbanization in America, as the nation transitioned from an agrarian economy to an industrial powerhouse. This shift led to significant changes in society, including the growth of cities, the rise of industrial capitalism, and the emergence of new social classes.

Lastly, in the first turning of the Civil War Saeculum (1794-1822), this manifested with the consolidation of America as a nation following the Revolutionary War. The Founding Fathers, including George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison, played crucial roles in shaping the new government and its institutions.

Cancers themes throughout Anglo-American first turnings:

American High (1946-1964), Millennial Saeculum:

• Post-World War II Reconstruction: The years immediately following World War II were characterized by efforts to rebuild war-torn Europe through initiatives like the Marshall Plan.
• Baby Boom and Suburbanization (1946-1964): A significant increase in birth rates contributes to the "baby boom" phenomenon. Suburbanization becomes a prominent trend as families move to newly developed suburban areas.
• Rise of Suburban Culture: The growth of suburban communities and the suburban lifestyle, characterized by single-family homes, car culture, and the expansion of shopping malls and leisure activities.
• Urban Renewal Projects: Urban renewal projects and efforts to revitalize American cities, including the construction of highways, the development of public housing, and initiatives to combat urban blight and decay.
• Eisenhower Era (1953-1961): President Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration emphasizes domestic tranquility and economic stability. Major infrastructure projects, including the Interstate Highway System, are initiated.
• The Korean War: The Korean War (1950-1953), a conflict between North Korea and South Korea supported by the United States and other allied nations, which ended in an armistice but left the Korean Peninsula divided along the 38th parallel.
• Consumer Culture: The rise of consumerism and suburban shopping centers, reflecting a shift towards materialism and the pursuit of comfort and convenience.
• Economic Boom: The U.S. experienced a period of economic prosperity, with rising wages, increased consumer spending, and the growth of industries such as manufacturing, automotive, and aerospace.

Reconstruction and Gilded Age (1865-1886), Great Power Saeculum:

• Reconstruction: Following the Civil War, the Reconstruction era aimed to rebuild the Southern states and integrate newly freed African Americans into society. The period saw the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution, abolishing slavery, granting equal protection under the law, and securing voting rights for African American men.
• Industrialization and Urbanization: The post-Civil War years witnessed rapid industrialization and urbanization in America, as the nation transitioned from an agrarian economy to an industrial powerhouse. This shift led to significant changes in society, including the growth of cities, the rise of industrial capitalism, and the emergence of new social classes.
• Westward Expansion: The late 19th century witnessed the continued westward expansion of the United States. The completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 facilitated greater mobility and settlement in the western territories.
• Social Reform Movements: The late 19th century saw the rise of various social reform movements aimed at addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, and labor exploitation. These included the women's suffrage movement, the labor movement, and the temperance movement, which advocated for the prohibition of alcohol.

Era of Good Feelings (1794-1822), Civil War Saeculum:

• Economic Growth and Westward Expansion: following Economic developments, such as the growth of commerce, transportation infrastructure (including the Erie Canal), and the expansion of manufacturing.
• Expansion of the United States: The United States experienced territorial expansion, particularly with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, which doubled the size of the nation. Westward migration and exploration furthered the nation's reach into the frontier.
• Early Republic and Founding Fathers: The period witnessed the consolidation of the young nation following the Revolutionary War. The Founding Fathers, including George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison, played crucial roles in shaping the new government and its institutions.
• Industrialization and Economic Growth: The period saw the beginnings of industrialization in the United States, with advancements in manufacturing, transportation (such as the development of the steamboat), and infrastructure (including the construction of canals like the Erie Canal).
• Social Reform Movements: The early 19th century also saw the beginnings of various social reform movements, including the abolitionist movement, the temperance movement advocating for alcohol abstinence, and early women's rights activism.

Scorpio ♏︎

Water transforms. If subjected to cold, it will freeze and sharpen. When warmed, it will thaw.

The sign of Scorpio is symbolized by the deadly scorpion. Scorpions have a keen sensitivity to movements and vibrations in their environment. Similarly, Scorpios, lodged into the heart of the archetypal element of water, posses extreme emotional sensitivity. Additionally, they are fixed and malefic, giving them a nature quite unlike the other water signs which are symbolized by sea creatures, and can more effectively "swim." It's no fluke of the imagination that Scorpio is symbolized by a creature planted on solid ground.

Their strong emotional sensitivity coupled with their malefic nature leads lead to a lot of suffering and emotional turmoil. They feel the plight of the human experience much more deeply than other signs. They may struggle with feelings of anger, resentment, or bitterness, which can be difficult to contain or manage. For this reason, it may be more appropriate to liken them to archetypal ice than water. However, this extreme sensitivity catalyzes transformation and regeneration. Like the mythical phoenix rising from the ashes, Scorpios have the ability to undergo profound changes and emerge stronger from challenging situations. This makes them incredibly resilient, with the ability to withstand adversity and bounce back from setbacks.

Moreover, their intense sensitivity allows them to connect to a deeper level of reality beyond mere logic, often leading them to explore taboo subjects and the darker aspects of life. They may be drawn to fields such as psychology, metaphysics, and the occult. This inclination also aligns with their inherent private and secretive nature. Just as the scorpion burrows during the day, coming out at night. Scorpios typically shy away from exposure. They prefer to keep certain aspects of their lives hidden or guarded.

Lastly, Scorpios' intense emotions makes them passionate and fiercely loyal to their loved ones and the causes they care about. Coupled with their fixed nature, this leads them to be determined and persistent in the obtainment of their goals. Once a Scorpio sets their sights on a goal, they will stop at nothing to achieve it, undeterred by obstacles or adversity. This determination can sometimes border on obsession or compulsion, especially in matters of the heart or personal aspirations, driving them to go to great lengths to get what they want.

Scorpio has rulership over the 8th house in astrology which signifies transformation, death and rebirth, sex, the occult and mysticism, and psychological depth.

In the sign of Cancer, we witnessed the construction or reconstruction of societal structures, an expansion in developments, and revitalization of our societal fabric. With the launching pad set, the collective mood begins to peer inwards in the sign of Scorpio. The artificial dams constructed by society have been hindering the natural current. Scorpio, being fixed and malefic creates an atmosphere where people are determined to break down the artificial dams constructed by society and reinstate its natural flow. Consequently, social reformation movements gain momentum, leading to a metaphorical death and rebirth of conventional social constructs.

In the first turning of the Millennial Saeculum (1946-1964), this manifested with the struggle for racial equality with the Civil Rights Movement (1950s-1960s) gaining momentum. Landmark events such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955), and the March on Washington (1963). Additionally we see the seeds of the feminist movement planted during this periods. In the 1960s, there was increasing awareness of women's issues, which gained momentum in subsequent decades.

Furthermore, during this period, tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union escalate, leading to the Cold War. The era was characterized by ideological conflicts, nuclear arms race, and the spread of communism. The fear of communism and Soviet influence led to a period of intense anti-communist sentiment in the United States. Senator Joseph McCarthy's crusade against alleged communists in government, known as McCarthyism, resulted in widespread fear and persecution, with individuals being blacklisted and accused of disloyalty without evidence.

In the first turning of The Great Power Saeculum (1865-1886), significant strides were made towards granting rights to African Americans, with the abolition of slavery with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865. However, this led to the rise of the Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist groups who sought to resist and undermine the rights of African Americans by engaging in acts of violence and intimidation. Additionally, the establishment of Jim Crow laws in the Southern states, enforced racial segregation and systemic discrimination against African Americans.

Furthermore, during this period, we witness labor movements and strikes, where workers began organizing for better working conditions, higher wages, and shorter hours. The period saw various labor strikes and movements, including the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. Additionally, the Haymarket Affair (1886), A labor protest in Chicago that turned violent, lead to the deaths of police officers and civilians.

Scorpios themes throughout Anglo-American first turnings:

American High (1946-1964), Millennial Saeculum:

• Civil Rights Movement (1950s-1960s): The struggle for civil rights gains momentum with landmark events such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955), and the March on Washington (1963).
• Women's Roles and Feminism: The 1950s are often associated with traditional gender roles, but the seeds of the feminist movement were planted during this period. The 1960s saw an increasing awareness of women's issues and the emergence of the feminist movement, which gained momentum in subsequent decades.
• The Cold War (1947-1991): Tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union escalate, leading to the Cold War. The era is characterized by ideological conflicts, nuclear arms race, and the spread of communism.
• Red Scare and McCarthyism: The fear of communism and Soviet influence led to a period of intense anti-communist sentiment in the United States. Senator Joseph McCarthy's crusade against alleged communists in government, known as McCarthyism, resulted in widespread fear and persecution, with individuals being blacklisted and accused of disloyalty without evidence.

Reconstruction and Gilded Age (1865-1886), Great Power Saeculum:

• Labor Movements and Strikes: Workers began organizing for better working conditions, higher wages, and shorter hours. The period saw various labor strikes and movements, including the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
• Rise of the Ku Klux Klan: During Reconstruction, the Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist groups emerged in the South, aiming to resist and undermine the rights of African Americans. They engaged in acts of violence and intimidation.
• Jim Crow Laws and Segregation: The establishment of Jim Crow laws in the Southern states, enforcing racial segregation and systemic discrimination against African Americans.
• Haymarket Affair (1886): A labor protest in Chicago that turned violent, leading to the deaths of police officers and civilians. The incident had repercussions for the labor movement and led to the execution of four anarchists.

Era of Good Feelings (1794-1822), Civil War Saeculum:

• Expansion of Slavery: The debate over the expansion of slavery intensified during this period, particularly with the acquisition of new territories in the West. The Missouri Compromise temporarily resolved tensions but foreshadowed future conflicts over the issue of slavery.
• Second Great Awakening: A religious revival movement that swept across the United States in the early 19th century, emphasizing personal conversion, emotional worship, and social reform. The movement had a profound impact on American society, contributing to the growth of evangelicalism and various social reform movements.

Pisces ♓︎

Water flows. It takes the path of least resistance.

The sign of Pisces is symbolized by two delicate fish. One is commonly depicted descending into the depths of the ocean, while the other ascends towards the light shining above. This depiction represents Pisces predominant composition of archetypal water and fire respectively. This combination makes Pisces very in tune with their inner nature. Hence, Pisces are compassionate with an innate ability to understand the emotions and experiences of others. They also have a natural inclination towards exploring the mysteries of existence and seeking deeper spiritual meaning.

Furthermore, Pisces are known for their dreamy and creative nature. They are typically drawn towards artistic pursuits, possessing the ability to envision new worlds. However, due to their sensitivity, they also have a tendency to get lost in these imaginative worlds, seeking refuge from the harshness of the real world. They may even prefer their inner life to their external one.

Pisces has rulership over the 12th house in astrology associated with dreams and the subconscious, spirituality and mysticism, sacrifice and surrender, creativity and artistic expression.

Following the maleficity experienced in Scorpio, the damns, artificially constructed by society, have been torn down. The natural flow of the universe can now be reinstated. Pisces is a benefic and mutable period of rejecting established norms in order to explore alternative lifestyles and search for a deeper meaning.

This manifested in the first turning of Millennial Saeculum (1946-1964) with the Beats Generation, a literary movement, lead by writers Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg. The term "beat" was coined by Jack Kerouac to describe their generation as beaten down, but also beatific, suggesting a spiritual enlightened state. Their writings challenged societal norms, tackled themes that were seen as taboo, and prompted others to search for deeper meaning.

Additionally, during this period, there was a growing interest in Eastern spirituality and Mediation. Hindu philosophy and yoga were disseminated throughout America by Influential figures like Swami Vivekananda and Paramahansa Yogananda. While Zen Buddhism gained prominence thanks to figures such as D.T. Suzuk and Alan Watts.

In the first turning of the Great Power Saeculum (1865-1886), this manifested as the rise in Transcendentalism, where Transcendentalist thinkers, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, emphasized individual intuition, spirituality, and a connection to nature. As well as a rise in Spiritualism, which involved the belief in communication with the spirits of the dead, where séances and spiritual gatherings became commonplace.

Lastly, there is an explosion of activity in creative pursuits. After weathering the climactic Ekpyrosis, and navigating through the growing pains of transforming the inner world in Scorpio, a wealth of abundant creative inspiration is generated. This manifested in the first turning of the Millennial Saeculum (1946-1964) with the rise of Pop Art, Folk music revival, and artistic responses to the Korean war in literature and film, most notably, with Kurt Vonnegut's "Slaughterhouse-Five," addressing the trauma and absurdity of war.

In the first turning of the Civil War Saeculum (1794-1822), this manifested as the emergence of American Gothic literature, where writers like Washington Irving and Edgar Allan Poe explored dark and mysterious themes in their works, reflecting a fascination with the supernatural.

Pisces themes throughout Anglo-American first turnings:

American High (1946-1964), Millenial Saeculum:

• Cultural Shifts and the Beat Generation (1950s): The Beat Generation, including writers like Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, challenges societal norms, paving the way for countercultural movements of the 1960s.
• Religious Revival and the Rise of Evangelicalism: The post-World War II era saw a resurgence of religious fervor and the rise of evangelical movements. Figures like Billy Graham became influential in spreading evangelical Christianity, holding large crusades and impacting the spiritual landscape.
• Meditation and Eastern Spirituality: The 1950s and 1960s witnessed a growing interest in Eastern spirituality and meditation practices in the United States. Influential figures like Swami Vivekananda and Paramahansa Yogananda contributed to the dissemination of Hindu philosophy and yoga.
• The Rise of Pop Art: The late 1950s and early 1960s saw the rise of Pop Art. Artists like Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and Claes Oldenburg embraced popular culture and consumerism in their art, using everyday objects as subjects.
• Folk Music Revival: The folk music revival gained momentum, with artists like Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie contributing to the preservation of traditional folk songs and the creation of new ones that reflected social issues.
• Artistic Responses to the Korean War : The Korean War and its aftermath influenced artistic responses, particularly in literature and film. Works like Kurt Vonnegut's "Slaughterhouse-Five" addressed the trauma and absurdity of war.

Reconstruction and Gilded Age (1865-1886), Great Power Saeculum:

• Transcendentalism Influence (Post-Civil War): The influence of transcendentalist ideas persisted in the post-Civil War period. Transcendentalist thinkers, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, had emphasized individual intuition, spirituality, and a connection to nature.
• Spiritualism Movement (Late 19th Century): The late 19th century saw the rise of the Spiritualism movement, which gained popularity in the United States. Spiritualism involved belief in communication with the spirits of the dead, often through mediums. Séances and spiritual gatherings became common

Era of Good Feelings (1794-1822), Civil War Saeculum:

• Second Great Awakening (Early 19th Century): The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival movement that swept across the United States. It emphasized individual salvation, emotional religious experiences, and the spread of evangelical Christianity.
• Religious Pluralism and Denominational Growth: The early 19th century witnessed the growth of various religious denominations and increased religious diversity. This period laid the groundwork for the emergence of new religious movements.
• American Gothic Literature: The early 19th century saw the emergence of American Gothic literature. Writers like Washington Irving and Edgar Allan Poe explored dark and mysterious themes in their works, reflecting a fascination with the supernatural.

Aries ♈︎

Fire ignites. It propels us forward to new heights.

The sign of Aries is represented by the ram. The ram rushes headfirst into new domains using its inner senses (intuition and emotion) as guidance. Aries are natural leaders, trendsetters, and pioneers who are not afraid to take risks and initiate action. They have a powerful will, a great deal of vitality, and a strong urge to be physically active. However, on the shadow side of their attributes, they have a tendency to be impulsive, competitive, and impatient.

Aries has rulership over the first house in astrology associated with the self.

In the sign of Pisces, we saw a rejection of established norms, an exploration of alternative lifestyles, and a search for deeper meaning. In the sign of Aries, these developments in our inner worlds are now propelled into our external worlds. The dams which had been shut, are now flowing, or rather, surging with force. Aries is a malefic time of (re)defining our identity. The result is a rise of counter-cultural movements which seek to establish a new social order.

In the 2nd turning of the Millennial Saeculum (1964-1984), this manifested with the culmination of the Civil Rights Movement, which advocated for racial equality for African Americans, led by leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcom X, among others. Simultaneously, the Women's Liberation Movement (1960s-1970s) gained momentum, advocating for women's rights and equality.

The Beats generation (1950s), which rejected conformity for individualism, spontaneity, and a search for deeper meaning, led by writers Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, paved the way for the Hippie Movement of the 1960s. The Hippie Movement embraced ideals of peace, love, and anti-establishment sentiments. These ideals and sentiments then gave rise to widespread anti-war protests, such as with the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam in 1969.

Furthermore, we observe a departure from traditional norms in the emergent music during this period. Rock 'n' roll came to the forefront with artists like Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry. Folk music gained prominence with influential artists such as Bob Dylan, who was a powerful voice for social and political issues. Additionally, Psychedelic Rock gained prominence, notably, with "the Summer of Love" (1967), and bands like Jefferson Airplane and The Grateful Dead.

However, the fiery energy of Aries, which ignites the atmosphere and sets these movements into motion, simultaneously inspires the forces which seek to stifle them. In the 2nd turning of the Millennial Saeculum (1964-1984), this manifested with the assassination of prominent figures, including President John F. Kennedy (1963), Malcolm X (1965), Martin Luther King Jr. (1968), and Senator Robert F. Kennedy (1968).

Aries' themes throughout Anglo-American second turnings:

Consciousness Revolution (1964-1984), Millennial Saeculum:

• Civil Rights Movement (1960s): Although it began earlier, the Civil Rights Movement continued to evolve in the 1960s, advocating for racial equality and justice. Key events included the March on Washington (1963) and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
• Counterculture and the Hippie Movement (1960s): A cultural revolution emerged, challenging traditional norms. The counterculture and the hippie movement embraced ideas of peace, love, and anti-establishment sentiments, influencing music, fashion, and lifestyles.
• Women's Liberation Movement (1960s-1970s): The feminist movement gained momentum, advocating for women's rights and equality. Key events include the publication of Betty Friedan's "The Feminine Mystique" and the formation of the National Organization for Women (NOW).
• Vietnam War and Anti-War Protests: The U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated during the 1960s, leading to widespread protests against the war. The anti-war movement gained strength, with events like the Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam in 1969.
• Assassinations: The assassinations of prominent figures, including President John F. Kennedy (1963), Malcolm X (1965), Martin Luther King Jr. (1968), and Senator Robert F. Kennedy (1968), had a profound impact on the nation.
• Emergence of Rock 'n' Roll (1950s): The rise of rock 'n' roll music, with artists like Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry, symbolized a departure from traditional norms, capturing the spirit of youth rebellion and cultural change.
• Folk and Protest Music: Bob Dylan's lyrics became a powerful voice for social and political issues, particularly during the protest movements of the 1960s.
• Psychedelic Rock: Psychedelic rock, characterized by experimental sounds and mind-expanding lyrics, became prominent. Bands like Jefferson Airplane and The Grateful Dead were associated with the psychedelic movement.

Third Great Awakening (1886-1908), Great Power Saeculum:

• Women's Suffrage Movement: The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the intensification of the women's suffrage movement. Activists like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton advocated for women's right to vote.
• Progressive Movement: Reformers sought to address social and political issues arising from industrialization, advocating for labor rights, women's suffrage, and improved living conditions

Transcendental Awakening (1822-1844), Civil War Saeculum:

• Abolitionist Movement Gains Momentum: The period saw the growth of the abolitionist movement, with individuals like William Lloyd Garrison and Theodore Weld advocating for the immediate and complete abolition of slavery.

Leo ♌︎

Fire is radiant. Behold its majesty. Bask in its warmth.

The sign of Leo is symbolized by the regal lion. The lion is a majestic and powerful creature, known for their courage, strength, and distinctive mane, serving as an indicator for their status and dominance. Lions are often acknowledged as the king of the jungle. Similarly, Leo holds sovereignty over archetypal fire, residing in the heart of this element, Leo embodies fire in its purest force.

Fire is an element that imparts warmth and light to the world. Leos are charismatic leaders. They are known for their generosity, and warm-hearted nature. They are essentially optimistic and enthusiastic. Fire also burns with intensity. Leos are confident. They are fiercely loyal to their friends, family, and the causes they believe in. Once they set their minds on something they may be unwavering in their pursuit. However, they can also be stubborn and resistant to change.

Additionally, fire is radiant, captivating onlookers with its blaze. Leos are known for their dramatic flair and love for the theatrical. They are creative and self expressive. They thrive in the spot light, and being the center of attention. However, these attributes may also lead to egotism, and a sense of pride.

Leo has rulership over the 5th house in astrology associated with creativity, self-expression, entertainment, performing arts, romance, and children.

In the sign of Aries, counter-cultural movements challenged traditional norms, seeking to cultivate a new social order centered on ideals of peace, love, and anti-establishment sentiments. Transitioning into the sign of Leo, these ideals flourish. Love permeates the atmosphere (and consequently sex, marking the onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 1980s). Simultaneously, a cultural renaissance unfolds, ushering in a golden age for the entertainment industry.

In the 2nd turning of the Millennial Saeculum (1964-1984), this manifested with a proliferation of new developments in the music industry. The 1960s and 1970s was a golden age for rock music. Influential bands and artists like The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, and Jimi Hendrix emerged, reflecting the cultural zeitgeist. In the mid-1970s, disco music gained immense popularity, influencing not only music, but also fashion and nightlife.

Toward the late 1970s, punk rock and new wave music challenged the mainstream. Bands like The Ramones, Sex Pistols, and The Clash brought a rebellious and DIY ethos to the forefront of music culture. Additionally, during the 1970's, the Bronx birthed hip-hop culture, with elements like rap, breakdancing, and graffiti. Later on, we see the launch of MTV in 1981, which revolutionized the music industry by popularizing music videos.

We also witness an evolution of the film industry with the rise of New Hollywood in the late 1960s. Directors like Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, and Steven Spielberg brought a new, edgier style to cinema, producing iconic films such as "The Godfather," "Taxi Driver," and "Jaws." In the late 1970s, video games emerged as a form of entertainment. The release of arcade games like "Pong" and later, home consoles like the Atari 2600, marked the beginning of the video game industry.

Lastly, we see these same themes reflected In the 2nd turning of the Great Power Saeculum (1886-1908) with the Rise in ragtime music during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with composers like Scott Joplin. Additionally, the late 19th century marked the early days of cinema. Inventors like Thomas Edison and the Lumière brothers contributed to the development of motion pictures, leading to the birth of the film industry. During this period, we also witness the formation of professional baseball leagues, and the increased popularity of sports as a form of entertainment.

Leo's themes throughout Anglo-American second turnings:

Consciousness Revolution (1964-1984), Millennial Saeculum:

• Rock 'n' Roll and Popular Music: The 1960s and 1970s were a golden age for rock music. Influential bands and artists like The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, and Jimi Hendrix emerged, shaping the musical landscape and reflecting the cultural zeitgeist.
• Cinema and New Hollywood: The film industry underwent significant changes with the rise of New Hollywood. Directors like Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, and Steven Spielberg brought a new, edgier style to cinema, producing iconic films such as "The Godfather," "Taxi Driver," and "Jaws."
• Television Transformations: Television played a crucial role in reflecting and influencing cultural norms. Shows like "All in the Family" and "M_A_S H" addressed social issues, while others, like "Saturday Night Live," revolutionized comedy and entertainment.
• Video Games and Technological Advances: The late 1970s saw the emergence of video games as a form of entertainment. The release of arcade games like "Pong" and later, home consoles like the Atari 2600, marked the beginning of the video game industry.
• Disco Culture: In the mid-1970s, disco music gained immense popularity, and discotheques became cultural hubs. The disco era brought a unique fashion and dance culture, influencing not only music but also fashion and nightlife.
• Punk and New Wave: Toward the late 1970s, punk rock and new wave music challenged the mainstream. Bands like The Ramones, Sex Pistols, and The Clash brought a rebellious and DIY ethos to the forefront of music culture.
• Street Art and Graffiti: The 1970s and 1980s saw the rise of street art and graffiti as legitimate forms of artistic expression. Artists like Jean-Michel Basquiat and Keith Haring brought street art into the mainstream.
• MTV and Music Videos: The launch of MTV in 1981 revolutionized the music industry by popularizing music videos. Artists utilized the visual medium to enhance their musical narratives.
• Birth of Hip-Hop Culture (1970s): The Bronx birthed the hip-hop culture, with elements like rap, breakdancing, and graffiti emerging as new forms of artistic expression.

Third Great Awakening (1886-1908), Great Power Saeculum:

• Rise of Professional Sports: The late 19th century saw the professionalization of sports, with the formation of professional baseball leagues and the increased popularity of sports as a form of entertainment.
• Rise of Ragtime Music: Ragtime, characterized by its syncopated rhythms, gained popularity during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Composers like Scott Joplin contributed to the widespread appeal of ragtime music.
• Birth of the Motion Picture Industry: The late 19th century marked the early days of cinema. Inventors like Thomas Edison and the Lumière brothers contributed to the development of motion pictures, leading to the birth of the film industry.
• Saloon Culture and Entertainment: Saloons were hubs of entertainment, offering live music, dance, and theatrical performances. This contributed to the emergence of a distinctive urban culture.

Sagittarius ♐︎

Fire is brilliant. It shines in all directions. It illuminates the dark.

The sign of Sagittarius is symbolized by the centaur - a mythical half-human, half-horse figure aiming an arrow. The centaurs dual nature of both human and four legged beast gives us insight into its archetypal composition. Within the zodiac, all air signs are symbolized by humans, as archetypal air is associated with the intellect, humanitarianism, and connection. While fire signs are all symbolized by four legged beasts, reflecting their high energy, enthusiasm, and assertive nature. Hence, Sagittarius is a blend of both of these attributes. Sagittarius serves as the bridge between heaven and earth, archetypal fire and air.

Furthermore, archetypal fire and air are both masculine, or yang elements. They are dynamic, constantly in motion, and expansive. Sagittarius, embodying these elements, exhibits a profound love for adventure, exploration, and a strong need for independence. They value their freedom and may resist restrictions or limitations, leading to issues with commitment.

Additionally, archetypal fire and air are both functions of the mind (intuition and intellect). Sagittarians are inclined towards intellectual and philosophical pursuits. The aiming of the arrow symbolizes the pursuit of higher knowledge, and a quest for truth. They have a natural urge to understand the meaning of existence. They are also straightforward and honest, which may also lead them to be blunt and insensitive.

Sagittarius has rulership over the 9th house in astrology associated with higher education, travel, philosophy and beliefs, and adventure.

In the sign of Leo, we witnessed a cultural renaissance, a golden age in the entertainment industry. As we move into the sign of Sagittarius, the energy remains high and optimistic, but there is a gradual transition into the mental realm, away from the emotional. This is a period characterized by exploration and adventure to distant lands and foreign worlds. There is also an expansion in our knowledge with new developments in education, philosophy, science, and spirituality.

In the 2nd turning of the Millennial Saeculum, major advancements in science and exploration were made. The Apollo program was initiated in the 1960s, and culminated with the Apollo 11 mission in 1969, where the United States successfully landed astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon. In 1973, United States launched Skylab, its first space station, providing a platform for scientific research in microgravity. Additionally, the Space Shuttle program launched in 1981, allowing for reusable spacecraft and a more sustainable approach to space travel.

During this period we also witness notable developments in education, spirituality, and philosophy. The Department of Education was established in 1979, streamlining and improving the efficiency of federal education programs. We also witness the rise of the New Age movement, where there was a growing interest in Eastern philosophies, mysticism, and alternative spiritual practices. Additionally, postmodernist philosophy arose in the 1970s and 1980s. Thinkers like Jean-François Lyotard and Michel Foucault challenged traditional notions of truth, authority, and the nature of knowledge.

In the 2nd turning of the Great Power Saeculum (1886-1908), we witness similar themes, where there was an expansion of education with The Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890, which supported the establishment of land-grant colleges. The period also witnessed efforts to expand public education, with increased focus on compulsory schooling and the establishment of free, universal education systems in many states. Additionally, philosophical movements like pragmatism, associated with thinkers like William James and John Dewey, gained prominence during this era.

Lastly, we see these same themes play out in the 2nd turning of the Civil War Saeculum (1822-1844), with the concept of Manifest Destiny, the belief in expanding out westward in search of better opportunities, becoming immensely popular. The Oregon Trail became a major route for westward migration, with pioneers seeking economic opportunities. Additionally, we witness the foundation of the Smithsonian Institution, a prominent institution for research, education, and culture, with the mission of increasing and disseminating knowledge.

Sagittarius's themes throughout Anglo-American second turnings:

Consciousness Revolution (1964-1984), Millennial Saeculum:

• Moon Landing (1969): The United States achieved a significant milestone in space exploration with the Apollo 11 mission, which successfully landed astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon.
• Space Shuttle Program: The launch of the Space Shuttle program in 1981 represented a new era in space exploration, allowing for reusable spacecraft and a more sustainable approach to space travel.
• Skylab (1973-1974): Skylab, the United States' first space station, was launched in 1973. It provided a platform for scientific research in microgravity, including studies on the effects of extended space travel on the human body.
• Postmodernism: The 1970s and 1980s were characterized by the rise of postmodernist philosophy. Thinkers like Jean-François Lyotard and Michel Foucault challenged traditional notions of truth, authority, and the nature of knowledge.
• HIV/AIDS Epidemic: The emergence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s had a profound impact on public health and led to increased awareness and activism.
• Educational Reforms: The 1960s and 1970s saw significant educational reforms, including the establishment of the Department of Education in 1979. Debates about busing, school desegregation, and educational equality were prominent.
• New Age Movement: The 1960s and 1970s saw the rise of the New Age movement, characterized by an exploration of Eastern philosophies, mysticism, and alternative spiritual practices. This influenced American beliefs about consciousness and interconnectedness.

Third Great Awakening (1886-1908), Great Power Saeculum:

• Philosophical Movements: Philosophical movements like pragmatism, associated with thinkers like William James and John Dewey, gained prominence during this era.
• Expansion of Education: The period witnessed the expansion of education, with an increasing emphasis on public schooling. The Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890 supported the establishment of land-grant colleges.
• Rise of Public Education: The period witnessed efforts to expand public education, with increased focus on compulsory schooling and the establishment of free, universal education systems in many states.
• Progressive Education Movement: The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the emergence of the Progressive Education movement, led by educators such as John Dewey. This movement emphasized experiential learning, individualized instruction, and the integration of education with real-life experiences.
• Emergence of Psychology: Psychology emerged as a distinct scientific discipline during this period, with figures like William James and Sigmund Freud making foundational contributions to the field.
• Transcendentalism: The transcendentalist movement, which began in the early 19th century, continued to influence American spirituality during this period. Transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau advocated for the inherent goodness of people and the importance of self-reliance.

Transcendental Awakening (1822-1844), Civil War Saeculum:

• Oregon Trail and Westward Migration: The Oregon Trail became a major route for westward migration, with pioneers seeking economic opportunities and a new life in the western territories.
• Manifest Destiny: The concept of Manifest Destiny, the belief in the inevitable westward expansion of the United States, gained popularity during this period.
• Establishment of the Smithsonian Institution (1846): The Smithsonian Institution was founded with the mission of increasing and disseminating knowledge. It became a prominent institution for research, education, and culture.

Aquarius ♒︎

Air is sharp. It can either cut the forces which bind us, or create them.

The sign of Aquarius is represented by Ganymede, the cupbearer to the gods. In Greek mythology, Ganymede was a young Trojan prince, the son of Tros, the king of Troy. He's often described as unusually beautiful. So beautiful, that he even captured the attention of Zeus, the king of the gods. Zeus then transformed himself into an eagle, abducted Ganymede, and took him to Mount Olympus as a way to honor and immortalize him. Subsequently, Ganymede assumed the role of cupbearer for the gods, pouring nectar or ambrosia, a divine substance consumed to confer immortally and eternal youth.

One day, in an act of defiance, Ganymede poured the divine nectar from Mount Olympus, showering the mortals below in the ambrosia of immortality, previously reserved exclusively for the gods. Much like Robin Hood, who stole from the rich and gave to the poor, Ganymede rebelliously acted in this way to benefit humanity, to equalize the privileges reserved only for the few, and to redistribute power.

Unsurprisingly, Aquarius is a sign associated with humanitarianism and rebelliousness. Aquarians are also intellectual, original, and emotionally detached. This is because, just like Sagittarius, Aquarius is primarily composed of two masculine, or yang, archetypal elements (Air and Fire), elements of the mind (intellect and intuition). This combination imbues Aquarius with a proclivity towards the collective, and an incredibly sharp mind, which they use in tandem to challenge the status quo, and advance society forward for the good of all.

Aquarius has rulership over the 11th house in astrology associated with friendships, hopes and wishes, humanitarianism, networking, and innovation.

In the sign of Sagittarius, we witnessed a period of exploration, adventure, and expansion, accompanied by advancements in education, philosophy, science, and spirituality. As we transition into Aquarius, the focus shifts evidently towards the intellectual realm, with developments taking on a more tangible form. The mood becomes fixed and malefic, signifying a determination to disrupt existing power structures. Emerging technologies empower the masses, altering societal dynamics and ultimately leading to the unraveling of traditional institutions.

In the third turning of the Millennial (1984-2008), this manifested with a technological revolution. The widespread adoption of personal computers, the development of the internet, and the rise of tech companies like Microsoft, Apple, and Google revolutionized how people interacted with information and each other. Additionally, the tech industry, centered in Silicon Valley, experienced significant growth and innovation. Furthermore, this period saw significant advancements in medical science and technology, including breakthroughs in genetics, biotechnology, and medical treatments.

In the third turning of the Great Power Saeculum (1908-1929), there were significant technological advancements, including the widespread adoption of electricity, the rise of automobiles and aviation, and the development of mass communication technologies such as radio. Additionally, this period saw massive cultural shifts with the emergence of modernist art movements like Cubism and Surrealism, as well as social experimentation in literature, music, and lifestyle. Figures like author F. Scott Fitzgerald, whose works explored themes of innovations transformed daily life and contributed to the modernization of American society.

In the third turning of the Civil War Saeculum (1844-1860), the Industrial Revolution was in full swing, leading to the rapid growth of industries such as manufacturing, transportation (railroads), and communication (telegraph). Additionally, we witness a drive for an idealistic society with several utopian experiments and communities established in America during the mid-19th century, such as the Oneida Community, Brook Farm, and New Harmony. These communities aimed to create alternative societies based on principles like equality, communal living, and social harmony.

Aquarius themes throughout Anglo-American third turnings:

Culture Wars (1984-2008), Millennial Saeculum:

• Rise of the Internet (1990s): The World Wide Web became publicly accessible in the early 1990s, leading to a revolutionary change in how people connect and share information globally.
• Tech Boom and Silicon Valley Growth (1980s-2000s): The tech industry, centered in Silicon Valley, experienced significant growth and innovation during this period, contributing to the formation of collaborative work environments.
• Technological Revolution: The period witnessed rapid advancements in technology, including the rise of personal computers, the internet, and mobile devices. This era laid the groundwork for the digital age and transformed communication, commerce, and daily life.
• Environmental Awareness and Activism: During this period, there was growing awareness of environmental issues such as climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction. Environmental activism and advocacy for sustainability, exemplified by movements like Earth Day and the Kyoto Protocol.
• Medical and Scientific Advancements: The late 20th and early 21st centuries saw significant advancements in medical science and technology, including breakthroughs in genetics, biotechnology, and medical treatments.

World War 1 and Prohibition (1908-1929), Great Power Saeculum:

• Progressive Era (1890s-1920s): The Progressive Movement aimed at addressing social and political issues, advocating for reforms in areas such as labor conditions, women's suffrage, and anti-trust legislation.
• World War I (1914-1918): The United States entered World War I in 1917, contributing to the Allied victory. The war had a profound impact on the global stage and led to significant changes in U.S. society and economy.
• Technological Advancements: During this period, there were significant technological advancements, including the widespread adoption of electricity, the rise of automobiles and aviation, and the development of mass communication technologies such as radio. These
• Cultural Shifts and Social Experimentation: The early 20th century saw cultural shifts such as the emergence of modernist art movements like Cubism and Surrealism, as well as social experimentation in literature, music, and lifestyle. Figures like author F. Scott Fitzgerald, whose works explored themes of innovations transformed daily life and contributed to the modernization of American society.

Mexican War and Sectionalism (1844-1860), Civil War Saeculum:

• Innovation and Progress: The Industrial Revolution was in full swing, leading to the rapid growth of industries such as manufacturing, transportation (railroads), and communication (telegraph).
• Idealism and Utopianism: There were several utopian experiments and communities established in America during the mid-19th century, such as the Oneida Community, Brook Farm, and New Harmony. These communities aimed to create alternative societies based on principles like equality, communal living, and social harmony.
• Social Reform Movements: The period from 1844 to 1860 saw the emergence of various social reform movements, including temperance, education reform, and prison reform.

Gemini ♊︎

Air is ever present. It connects us.

The sign of Gemini is symbolized by the twins; two halves that together form one unified whole. Additionally, we see a similar depiction in the tarot card associated with Gemini, The Lovers, where a man and a woman stand next to each other in loving embrace. In both of these representations one thing is clear: Geminis thrive on connection. Gemini being situated smack dab in the center of archetypal air, is air in its purest expression. Air is an element that acts as the fabric for our world. It pervades every corner, connecting us in one giant web.

It's of no surprise then that Gemini's excel as networkers and communicators. However, their connections tend to remain on the surface. Air does not penetrate into the depths of the soul. This in contrast to water signs, which use their inner guidance to connect with individual's on a deep personal level. Geminis are more oriented towards engaging with the world at large.

Furthermore, archetypal air is an element symbolizing the intellect. Geminis are incredibly sharp, possessing a powerful mind that can cut straight through nonsense. Air is also characterized by perpetual movement and changing directions; Geminis' are versatile, adaptable, and appreciate variety. They crave a continuous source of mental stimulation but may also find themselves easily bored. Additionally, there's a tendency for Geminis to be in their heads (air heads) and to "blow with the wind," making them flighty and more easily swayed or influenced than other signs.

Gemini has rulership over the 3rd house in astrology associated with communication, the intellect, learning, siblings, local environment, and writing.

In the sign of Gemini, we delve into the heart of the archetypal element of air. There is a natural inclination towards mental pursuits. Additionally, the energy is more grounded and less idealistic than the utopian vision experienced in Aquarius. Furthermore, the energy transitions from a fixed state in Aquarius, characterized by a determination to disrupt, to a mutable state. This creates an atmosphere of unpredictability, where it seems like anything can happen, consequently, facilitating creative endeavors. New technologies emerge, seeking to push the boundaries of scientific progress and to connect us in novel ways. These new advents continue to alter societal dynamics and contribute to the unraveling of traditional institutions.

In the third turning of the Millennial Saeculum (1984-2008), we witness a boom in technology with the development of personal computers, the internet, and the proliferation of digital communication. We also see the an explosion of communication devices such as mobile phones and pagers, enhancing connectivity. Later on, we see platforms like Friendster (2002), MySpace (2003), and later Facebook (2004) and YouTube (2005), emerge transforming how individuals form and maintain connections.

Additionally, the unique energy of this period led to advents like the cloning of Dolly the sheep (1996), which raised questions between scientific progress and ethical considerations.

In the third turning of the Great Power Saeculum (1908-1929), the early 20th century witnessed the rise of industries such as automobile manufacturing, steel production, and electrical engineering, leading to economic growth and urbanization. Innovations like the assembly line, pioneered by Henry Ford, revolutionized production methods and transformed American society. Additionally, this period witnessed a significant transformation in communication, with the rise of mass media, radio broadcasting, and the expansion of print journalism.

In the third turning of the Civil War Saeculum (1844-1860), we witness advancements in transportation, communication, and manufacturing, including the construction of railroads, the telegraph system, and the development of new technologies in agriculture and textiles. Additionally, we see an in new ways of connecting with the expansion of the newspaper industry, with the emergence of popular newspapers like the New York Herald and the New York Tribune.

Geminis themes throughout Anglo-American third turnings:

Culture Wars (1984-2008), Millennial Saeculum:

• Information Technology Boom (1980s-2000s): The period saw a significant rise in information technology, with the development of personal computers, the internet, and the proliferation of digital communication.
• Social Media Emergence (2000s): Platforms like Friendster (2002), MySpace (2003), and later Facebook (2004) and YouTube (2005) marked the rise of social media, transforming how individuals form and maintain connections.
• Media Diversification and Digital Content (1990s-2000s): The expansion of media outlets and the transition to digital content delivery platforms marked a shift in how information was consumed.
• Explosion of Communication Devices: During this period, there was an explosion of communication devices such as mobile phones and pagers, enhancing connectivity.
• Cloning of Dolly the Sheep (1996): The cloning of Dolly raised ethical questions between scientific progress and ethical considerations.

World War 1 and Prohibition (1908-1929), Great Power Saeculum:

• Communication and Media Revolution (1910s-1920s): The period witnessed a significant transformation in communication, with the rise of mass media, radio broadcasting, and the expansion of print journalism.
• Ford Model T and the Automobile Revolution (1908-1927): The introduction of the affordable Ford Model T revolutionized transportation and American society.
• Industrialization and Technological Innovation: The early 20th century witnessed the rise of industries such as automobile manufacturing, steel production, and electrical engineering, leading to economic growth and urbanization. Innovations like the assembly line, pioneered by Henry Ford, revolutionized production methods and transformed American society.
• Jazz Age: The Jazz Age, also known as the "Roaring Twenties," was characterized by the popularization of jazz music and its influence on American culture. Jazz clubs, dance halls, and speakeasies became vibrant social spaces, and jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington gained widespread acclaim.

Mexican War and Sectionalism (1844-1860), Civil War Saeculum:

• Communication and Journalism: The 1840s saw the expansion of the newspaper industry, with the emergence of popular newspapers like the New York Herald and the New York Tribune. These newspapers played a crucial role in shaping public opinion and disseminating information.
• Innovation and Industrialization: The mid-19th century witnessed advancements in transportation, communication, and manufacturing, including the construction of railroads, the telegraph system, and the development of new technologies in agriculture and textiles. These innovations fueled economic growth and transformed American society.

Libra ♎︎

Air levels. No matter if it’s the highest peak or the lowest pebble, its force will be felt.

The sign of Libra is symbolized by the scales, representing balance and justice. Additionally, Libra corresponds to the Justice card in the tarot. In the Rider-Waite version of this card, a powerful woman is depicted holding a sword and scales, emphasizing a sharp intellect, and a commitment to balance and justice. I don't think it could be any more evident that Libra is a sign majorly concerned with balance and justice. They use their keen intellect and strong sense of right and wrong in tandem to maintain justice and equality.

Libras are grounded in the material world. They straddle the archetypal elements of air and earth, two materially focused elements involved with the collective. This makes Libra one of the signs most oriented towards the material realm. This unique blend imbues Libras with a sharp intellect, a charming communication style, a diplomatic prowess, and a keen aesthetic sensibility. They bring balance and beauty to the world.

As all air signs, Libras are naturally sociable and seek to connect with others. However, unlike the signs of Gemini and Aquarius, which seek expansive networks, Libras are more focused and conservative. They gravitate towards fewer, but more enduring connections: partnerships and relationships. Libras are also very concerned with social cohesion. They err on the side of the social convention in order not to ruffle any feathers.

Libra has rulership over the 7th house in astrology associated with partnerships, marriage, diplomacy and negotiation, and legal matters.

In the sign of Libra, we ground the air element, entering a cardinal phase of new beginnings, and action, where grassroots movements seek to push for equality. This phase is benefic, as these coalitions work within established societal structures. We witness social reformation movements culminate with legalizations and ratifications within the judicial system. Furthermore, there is a shift towards diplomacy and cooperation on both domestic and global issues.

In the third turning of the Millennial Saeculum (1984-2008), we witness the emergence of grassroots social movements advocating for civil rights, LGBTQ+ rights, environmental justice, and women's rights. In 2015, same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide in following the Supreme Court's landmark ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges. We also witness movements such as Black Lives Matter, MeToo, the Women's March, March for Our Lives, and the climate strikes, which mobilized millions of people worldwide to address systemic discrimination, inequality, environmental issues, and social justice.

Furthermore, we see moves towards cooperation and diplomacy with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (1994) aiming at promoting economic cooperation between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Additionally, we witness the formation of the European Union (1990s), a political and economic union of European countries, aiming at promote peace, stability, and prosperity among its member states. During this period, we also witness the Paris Agreement (2015), an international treaty aimed at addressing climate change.

In the third turning of the Great Power Saeculum (1908-1929), we witness similar themes where the women's suffrage movement achieved a major victory with the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920, granting women the right to vote. Women also played a prominent role in social reform efforts, advocating for issues such as labor rights, birth control, and prohibition.

In the third turning of the Civil War Saeculum (1844-1860), the abolitionist movement, social and political campaign dedicated to the eradication of slavery, gained momentum. Figures like Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and William Lloyd Garrison were prominent abolitionists advocating for the immediate end of slavery. Additionally, the Republican Party emerged as a major political force opposing the spread of slavery into new territories. The party's platform, rooted in anti-slavery sentiments, gained support from abolitionists and free-soilers in the North.

However, In 1857, the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case declared that African Americans, whether free or enslaved, were not citizens and therefore could not sue in federal court. The decision further inflamed tensions between the North and South. This led to the election of Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, in 1860. His victory, without winning a single Southern state, prompted South Carolina to secede from the Union, marking the beginning of the secession crisis and ultimately leading to the Civil War.

Libras themes throughout Anglo-American third turnings:

Culture Wars (1984-2008), Millennial Saeculum:

• End of the Cold War (1989): The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the subsequent end of the Cold War marked a significant shift in global relations.
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (1994): The trade agreement aimed at promoting economic cooperation between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
• Same-Sex Marriage Legalization: The fight for LGBTQ+ rights gained momentum, leading to the legalization of same-sex marriage nationwide in 2015 following the Supreme Court's landmark ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges. This decision represented a significant victory for LGBTQ+ equality and civil rights.
• Globalization and International Cooperation: The late 20th and early 21st centuries witnessed greater economic interconnectedness, cultural exchange, and cooperation on global issues such as climate change, terrorism, and public health. Initiatives such as the formation of the European Union and the Paris Agreement on climate change exemplified efforts to foster harmony and cooperation on a global scale.
• Rise of Cultural and Social Movements: The late 20th and early 21st centuries witnessed the emergence of grassroots social movements advocating for civil rights, LGBTQ+ rights, environmental justice, and women's rights. Movements such as Black Lives Matter, MeToo, the Women's March, March for Our Lives, and the climate strikes mobilized millions of people worldwide to address systemic discrimination, inequality, environmental issues, and social justice.
• Presidency of Barack Obama (2009-2017): Barack Obama made history as the first African American president, serving two terms. His leadership saw landmark legislative achievements such as the Affordable Care Act and historic foreign policy initiatives.

World War 1 and Prohibition (1908-1929), Great Power Saeculum:

• The Treaty of Versailles (1919): The Treaty of Versailles, ending World War I, had significant implications for international relations but faced controversy and was not ratified by the U.S. Senate.
• Immigration Act of 1924: Restrictive immigration legislation aimed at limiting the number of immigrants entering the United States.
• Women's Suffrage and Social Reform: The women's suffrage movement achieved a major victory with the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920, granting women the right to vote. Women also played a prominent role in social reform efforts, advocating for issues such as labor rights, birth control, and prohibition.
• Red Scare and Palmer Raids: The aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution led to fears of communism and radicalism in America, culminating in the Red Scare of 1919-1920. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer conducted raids and arrests targeting suspected radicals, immigrants, and labor activists, infringing on civil liberties and fueling political tensions.

Mexican War and Sectionalism (1844-1860), Civil War Saeculum:

• Abolitionist Movement: The debate over slavery intensified, with the abolitionist movement gaining momentum. Figures like Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and William Lloyd Garrison were prominent abolitionists advocating for the immediate end of slavery.
• Rise of the Republican Party: The Republican Party emerged as a major political force opposing the spread of slavery into new territories. The party's platform, rooted in anti-slavery sentiments, gained support from abolitionists and free-soilers in the North.
• Dred Scott Decision: In 1857, the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case declared that African Americans, whether free or enslaved, were not citizens and therefore could not sue in federal court. The decision further inflamed tensions between the North and South.
• Election of Abraham Lincoln: Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, was elected as the 16th President of the United States in 1860. His victory, without winning a single Southern state, prompted South Carolina to secede from the Union, marking the beginning of the secession crisis and ultimately leading to the Civil War.

Virgo ♍︎

Earth sustains. You reap what you sow. The fruit only ripens when you tend to the grove.

Virgo is represented by the modest maiden. The symbol is often depicted as a young woman holding a sheaf of wheat. The sheaf of wheat is a symbol of harvest and agriculture. Virgo marked the time when crops were harvested. Therefore, individuals born under this sign were believed to have a connection to the Earth's fertility and abundance (archetypal earth).

Additionally, the phrase "separating the wheat from the chaff" is a biblical reference which conveys a moral lesson. The process of separating the wheat from the chaff involves throwing harvested grain into the air. The heavier wheat grains fall back to the ground, while the lighter chaff is blown away by the wind. This separation symbolizes a discernment, purification or judgment, where what is valuable, righteous, or essential (the wheat), is distinguished from what is worthless, undesirable, or sinful (the chaff). Virgos has a discerning outlook towards the world, while seeking to make righteous choices, and live a virtuous life.

Furthermore, Virgos excel in tasks that require careful examination, problem-solving, and attention to minutiae. They have a systematic approach to life, coupled with practicality and an incredible work ethic. Virgos cultivate and reap the fruits of their labor through diligence and hard work.

Lastly, through the representation of the Maiden (a human figure), we can observe Virgo's connection with archetypal air. Positioned on the cusp of archetypal air, Virgos possess a keen intellect and a service-oriented nature. They enjoy helping others, and find fulfillment in contributing to the well-being of those around them. They also have an analytical mind and approach situations with a critical and thoughtful mindset. However, this also leads them, at times, to be overcritical, judgmental, and prone to overthinking.

Virgo has rulership over the 6th house in astrology associated with health, daily routines, work, service to others, and overall well-being.

In the sign of Virgo, we delve into the realm of archetypal Earth. The unraveling becomes the unraveled. The financial markets begin to show signs of collapse. The once sturdy institutions which were the bedrock of society are now noticeably less efficient and borderline dysfunctional. The only leaders who rise to the call are weak and polarizing, exacerbating the situation. The world which was once brimming with opportunities, now seems devoid of them. The collective mood takes on a pessimistic nature.

We begin to examine ourselves, others, and our society. It is a malefic time of purification, where we begin to separate the wheat from the chaff, discerning what is valuable or righteous from what is useless or sinful. This is a mutable phase of adjusting to changing circumstances and thinking of creative solutions, to what seems like, only worsening problems. There's a surge in social activism, with strikes, protests, and riots demanding better conditions. Consequently, we see reforms in health and labor. Additionally, we witness advances in medicine and science.

In the 4th turning of the Millennial Saeculum (2008-20??), we witness the beginning of the collapse of the financial markets with the 2008 financial crisis. The financial crisis of 2008 triggered the most severe economic downturn since the Great Depression. The collapse of the housing market, banking sector failures, and stock market volatility led to widespread job losses, home foreclosures, and a contraction of the global economy.

During this period, we also witness the reformation of the healthcare system with the Affordable Care Act (2010), expanding access to health insurance.

In the 4th turning of the Great Power Saeculum (1929-1946), we witness a purification of what society deems righteous from what it deems sinful with the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. This led to the rise of bootlegging, speakeasies, and organized crime during the Prohibition era.

Additionally, we see civil unrest emerge with numerous labor strikes and protests by workers demanding better wages, working conditions, and union recognition. Key events include the Flint Sit-Down Strike (1936-1937) and the Memorial Day Massacre (1937). Additionally, the Harlem Riot (1935) erupted in response to allegations of police brutality against an African American teenager, resulting in clashes between residents and law enforcement.

Furthermore, we see advents in medicine, with the discovery of penicillin. Alexander Fleming's 1928 discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine, marking a significant advancement in treating bacterial infections.

Virgos themes throughout Anglo-American fourth turnings:

The Millennial Crisis (2008-20??), Millennial Saeculum:

• 2008 Financial Crisis: The collapse of major financial institutions led to a global economic downturn, impacting housing markets and employment. The crisis prompted government interventions to stabilize the economy.
• Great Recession (2007-2009): The financial crisis of 2008 triggered the most severe economic downturn since the Great Depression. The collapse of the housing market, banking sector failures, and stock market volatility led to widespread job losses, home foreclosures, and a contraction of the global economy.
• Healthcare Reform (Obamacare) (2010): The Affordable Care Act aimed at reforming the healthcare system, expanding access to health insurance.
• Election of Donald Trump (2016): Donald Trump's victory in 2016 ushered in a period of political upheaval characterized by populist rhetoric and controversial policies, including immigration restrictions and trade tariffs.
• Impeachment of Donald Trump (2019-2020): Trump faced impeachment in 2019 over charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress related to his dealings with Ukraine, highlighting divisions over presidential accountability and executive power.
• Election of Joe Biden (2020): Joe Biden's win in 2020 marked a shift back to Democratic leadership, with a focus on addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, rebuilding the economy, advancing social equity, and restoring America's global standing.

Great Depression and World War II (1929-1946), Great Power Saeculum:

• Discovery of Penicillin (1928): Alexander Fleming's 1928 discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine, marking a significant advancement in treating bacterial infections.
• Labor Strikes: The 1920s and 1930s witnessed numerous labor strikes and protests by workers demanding better wages, working conditions, and union recognition. Key events include the Flint Sit-Down Strike (1936-1937) and the Memorial Day Massacre (1937).
• Prohibition: The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages, was ratified in 1919. This led to the rise of bootlegging, speakeasies, and organized crime during the Prohibition era.
• Art Deco Movement: The Art Deco movement, characterized by its sleek, geometric designs and bold colors, influenced architecture, visual arts, and design during the 1920s and 1930s. Art Deco style was employed in skyscrapers, public buildings, furniture, fashion, and decorative arts, symbolizing modernity and progress.
• Harlem Riot of 1935: The Harlem Riot of 1935 erupted in response to allegations of police brutality against an African American teenager, resulting in clashes between residents and law enforcement. The riot highlighted racial tensions and police-community relations in Harlem and other urban areas.
• Social Realism in Art: Social realism emerged as an artistic movement that sought to depict the harsh realities of American life, particularly the struggles of working-class and marginalized communities. Artists such as Diego Rivera, Dorothea Lange, and Jacob Lawrence used art as a tool for social critique and political activism.

Taurus ♉︎

Earth is stable. It's the bedrock beneath our feet. It’s the basis for everything.

The sign of Taurus is symbolized by the bull, a creature known for its physical strength and power. Bulls symbolize vitality, stamina, and resilience across many cultures, qualities that Taurus exemplifies. Being centered in the heart of the archetypal element of Earth, Taurus represents earth in its most dominant expression. Taurus's are down-to-earth individuals with a practical and sensible approach to life.

Additionally, just as bulls are known for their stubbornness and determination, Taurus is a fixed sign, characterized by determination, loyalty, and resistance to change once they've made up their minds. They prioritize stability, consistency, and perseverance, approaching tasks methodically and dedicating themselves to achieving their goals.

Bulls are also associated with agricultural abundance and prosperity in many cultures, reflecting Taurus's benefic nature. Taurus's are associated with material possessions, financial stability, and a desire for security. They prioritize comfort and stability in their lives, often forming strong attachments to their possessions and personal belongings. They also have a deep appreciation for the finer things in life, indulging in sensory experiences such as good food, music, art, and physical comforts.

Taurus has rulership over the 2nd house in astrology associated with finances and investments, material possessions, values, and security.

In the sign of Taurus, we explore the core of the archetypal element of earth. Living expenses are soaring, while opportunities are dwindling. Consequently, the mood is pessimistic. The bedrock of society, the financial system, appears outdated, and unlikely to adapt to worsening circumstances. The energy of Taurus tends to resist change, clinging tightly to established norms.

In this phase, we evidently witness the dark side of a benefic nature, which typically signifies expansion. In this case, it manifests as unchecked greed for resources and runaway inflation. This possessiveness with resources and reluctance to embrace new paradigms ultimately leads to the collapse of traditional financial markets. Consequently, this triggers a financial depression marked by widespread unemployment, poverty, and economic hardship.

In the 4th turning of the Great Power Saeculum (1929-1946), we witness the establishment of the Federal Reserve System (1913) as a response to a series of financial crises and banking panics that occurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the aim of providing greater stability and regulation to the nation's banking and financial system.

Not too late after, the 1920s see a speculative frenzy in the stock market, fueled by easy credit, speculation, and irrational exuberance. Speculative practices, such as buying on margin and investing in speculative stocks, contributed to the stock market bubble that preceded the crash of 1929. The stock market crash of 1929 plunged America into the Great Depression, a period of severe economic downturn characterized by high unemployment, widespread poverty, and financial instability. In response, President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced the New Deal Programs, a wide range of federal programs and initiatives to combat the effects of the Great Depression. These included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Works Progress Administration (WPA), Social Security Act, and Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), among others.

In the 4th turning of the Revolutionary Saeculum (1773-1794), The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act (1765), imposing direct taxes on various printed materials in the American colonies. This act sparked widespread protests and resistance among colonists, who argued that only their own elected assemblies had the right to levy taxes. Representatives from nine colonies convened in New York City to organize opposition to the Stamp Act. Congress issued a Declaration of Rights and Grievances, asserting the colonies' rights as British subjects and calling for the repeal of the Stamp Act.

Less than a decade later, the British Parliament passed the Tea Act (1773), granting the British East India Company a monopoly on the sale of tea in the American colonies. Colonists viewed this as another attempt to assert British control and protested by boycotting tea imports. In response to the Tea Act, a group of colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded British ships in Boston Harbor and dumped chests of tea into the water. This act of protest, known as the Boston Tea Party, symbolized colonial resistance to British taxation without representation.

Simultaneously, during this period, farmers in western Massachusetts, burdened by debt and economic hardship, rebelled against perceived injustices and government oppression in what became known as Shays' Rebellion (1786-1787). The uprising underscored the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and contributed to calls for a stronger federal government. Additionally, we witness the Whiskey Rebellion (1791-1794), in response to a federal excise tax on whiskey. Western Pennsylvania farmers rebelled against the government's authority, leading to armed resistance and clashes with federal troops.

Taurus themes throughout Anglo-American fourth turnings:

Great Depression and World War II (1929-1946), Great Power Saeculum:

• 1913 Federal Reserve Act: The establishment of the Federal Reserve System aimed at providing stability to the financial system and regulating monetary policy.
• Stock Market Speculation: The 1920s saw a speculative frenzy in the stock market, fueled by easy credit, speculation, and irrational exuberance. Speculative practices, such as buying on margin and investing in speculative stocks, contributed to the stock market bubble that preceded the crash of 1929.
• Great Depression (1929-1939): The stock market crash of 1929 triggered the Great Depression, leading to widespread unemployment, poverty, and economic hardship across the nation.
• New Deal Programs: President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal introduced a wide range of federal programs and initiatives to combat the effects of the Great Depression. These included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Works Progress Administration (WPA), Social Security Act, and Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), among others.
• Social Security Act (1935): The Social Security Act was passed, establishing a system to provide financial support for retired and unemployed individuals, addressing concerns related to work and economic security.

American Revolution (1773-1794), Revolutionary Saeculum:

• Stamp Act (1765): The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act, imposing direct taxes on various printed materials in the American colonies. This act sparked widespread protests and resistance among colonists, who argued that only their own elected assemblies had the right to levy taxes.
• Stamp Act Congress (1765): Representatives from nine colonies convened in New York City to organize opposition to the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act Congress issued a Declaration of Rights and Grievances, asserting the colonies' rights as British subjects and calling for the repeal of the Stamp Act.
• Tea Act (1773): The British Parliament passed the Tea Act, granting the British East India Company a monopoly on the sale of tea in the American colonies. Colonists viewed this as another attempt to assert British control and protested by boycotting tea imports.
• Boston Tea Party (1773): In response to the Tea Act, a group of colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded British ships in Boston Harbor and dumped chests of tea into the water. This act of protest, known as the Boston Tea Party, symbolized colonial resistance to British taxation without representation.
• Shays' Rebellion (1786-1787): Farmers in western Massachusetts, burdened by debt and economic hardship, rebelled against perceived injustices and government oppression in what became known as Shays' Rebellion. The uprising underscored the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and contributed to calls for a stronger federal government.
• Whiskey Rebellion (1791-1794): In response to a federal excise tax on whiskey, western Pennsylvania farmers rebelled against the government's authority, leading to armed resistance and clashes with federal troops. President George Washington's decisive response demonstrated the strength of the federal government under the new Constitution.

Capricorn ♑︎

Earth endures. When the water has evaporated, the fire has burned out, and the air has ceased, the last one remaining is the earth.

The sign of Capricorn is symbolized by the seagoat. The seagoat has the upper body of a goat with the lower body of a fish. This represents Capricorns dual nature - its connection to both archetypal earth and water. Capricorn, an earth sign situated on the cusp of archetypal water, can both climb and swim. They are ambitious, disciplined, and hard working. Capricorns are known for their ability to set long-term goals and steadily work towards achieving them. They are the quintessential "intrapreneurs," working within established structures, striving to climb the social and professional ladder to success.

Capricorn has rulership over the 10th house in astrology associated with career, ambitions, achievement, status, authority, father or parental figures, public life, and responsibilities.

In the sign of Capricorn we reach the finale of our story - where the old order gets replaced with something new. During this period, we experience the Ekpyrosis, known to the stoics as the "periodic destruction of the cosmos by a great conflagration of fire every Great Year, in order to cleanse the universe." This has traditionally manifested with wars, bloodshed, and strife, as the old order is not willingly going to relinquish its power. However, the severity of conflict does not always guarantee an Ekpyrosis. There have been instances of intense conflicts that failed to fundamentally uproot the old order into something new. Theoretically, a peaceful transition is possible, however, this has rarely been the case.

Furthermore, Capricorn being nestled in between the elements of archetypal earth and water, gives it a nature that is one of the purest expressions of the archetypal feminine, or yin energy. This connection was made earlier in the analysis of Cancer, but now we see the other, darker side of it. The archetypal womb from which all existence emanates, not only creates, but also destroys. In the process of giving energy form, it marks both the beginning and end of life. This is the basis for the philosophical notion of women as the root of all evil.

Additionally, we evidently see the malefic nature of Capricorns duality in The Devil, the Tarot card associated with Capricorn. In the Rider-Waite version of this card, a Devil figure stands on a pedestal. At the base of this pedestal, there are two chained figures, a male and female, being held in bondage.

Both the man and woman have horns and tails symbolizing their loss in humanity while dwelling within the devils domain. Additionally, the man has a flame on his tail, indicative of his desire for power, while the woman has a stem of grapes on her tail, symbolizing material addiction. The overall symbolism of the Devil card revolves around themes of bondage, temptation, and the consequences of unchecked materialism and desire.

The duality of Capricorn is embodied in the two human figures and their vices. The man, driven by a desire for power, embodies the shadow side of the archetypal water: unchecked passion, power, and ambition. On the other hand, the woman, consumed by material obsession, embodies the shadow side of archetypal earth: unchecked material desire, determination, and persistence. These elements, when balanced, form the quintessential qualities for achieving career success, making Capricorn a formidable force in professional pursuits. However, when these attributes are left unchecked, they can give rise to destructive tendencies, leading to the loss of humanity in both individuals and society as a whole.

In the sign of Capricorn, we witness the culmination of these destructive tendencies. The traditional structures that once served as pillars of society are now obsolete, constraining rather than facilitating progress. Their renewal can only be achieved through their dismantling.

Capricorn heralds a cardinal and malefic phase, characterized by action and a necessary deconstruction of the traditional power structures within society. Looking back through the annals of American history, major conflicts have arisen in every single 4th turning since the inception of Anglo-American history: The Great Power Saeculum culminated with World War II; The Civil War Saeculum with the American Civil War; The Revolutionary Saeculum with the American Revolution; The New World Saeculum with the Glorious Revolution; The Late Medieval Saeculum with the Wars of the Roses; and the Reformation Saeculum with the Spanish Armada.

Capricorns themes throughout Anglo-American fourth turnings:

Great Depression and World War II (1929-1946), Great Power Saeculum:

• World War II (1939-1945): The United States entered World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.

Civil War (1860-1865), Civil War Saeculum:

• American Civil War (1861-1865): The Civil War, fought between the Union (Northern states) and the Confederacy (Southern states), was a devastating conflict that resulted in immense loss of life. The war centered on issues of slavery, states' rights, and the preservation of the Union.

American Revolution (1773-1794), Revolutionary Saeculum:

• American Revolution (1775-1783): The thirteen American colonies fought for independence from British rule, leading to the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the eventual formation of the United States.

Glorious Revolution (1675-1704), New World Saeculum:

• Glorious Revolution (1688): The overthrow of King James II of England, leading to the ascension of William III and Mary II to the throne and impacting colonial governance.

War of the Roses (1459-1487), Late Medieval Saeculum:

• Wars of the Roses (1455-1487): The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars fought between the rival houses of Lancaster and York for control of the English throne. The conflict ended with the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485.

Armada Crisis (1569-1594), Reformation Saeculum:

• Spanish Armada (1588): The Spanish Armada, a fleet sent by Spain to invade England, was defeated by the English navy. This event had significant implications for the balance of power in Europe and maritime dominance.

Conclusions

The groundwork laid by Neil Howe and William Strauss in "The Fourth Turning" was a monumental rediscovery that gives an incredible amount of insight into the cyclical nature of our world. With the addition of the Zodiac, it only further clarifies and validates this concept, as well as paints a much more colorful picture that, in my opinion, is quite beautiful. Our world moves through an eternal dance; it's a perpetual celebration of every aspect of life.

Our ancestors were well aware of this phenomenon. They moved with the rhythm of the cycles. They organized their societies around it. It helped them navigate through the transient seasons. It enriched their lives.

It was so important to them that they sought to immortalize this information in any way that they could. They created monumental structures, art works, and stories, designed to transcend time. An old story even claims that tarot cards were conceived by sages and priests living on the verge of a dying civilization in order to pass on their wisdom to future generations. They knew one day the cycle would turn. They knew we would enter a period where the wisdom of the inner world would become besieged and forgotten. They prophesized the period we are living in today.

We often view our ancestors through a discriminating lens. We see their rituals and beliefs as backwards from a bygone era. We often view ourselves as more advanced and sophisticated. However, as we've uncovered, they understood things that we are only beginning to rediscover. There is a cyclicality to life that underpins our world. If there's anything to take away from this, it's that we are shaped by these natural cycles. We cannot eliminate them, or change them. The future may not be written in stone, but it follows a predictable rhythm that we would be foolish to ignore.

Works Cited:

1. Strauss, William, and Neil Howe. The Fourth Turning. Crown, 1997.
2. Howe, Neil. The Fourth Turning Is Here: What the Seasons of History Tell Us about How and When This Crisis Will End. Simon & Schuster, 2023.
3. Wilde, Oscar. “Heraclitus.” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraclitus .